What are Human Metapneumovirus [HMPV], Symptoms, Causes?
Human metapneumovirus, or HMPV, is a respiratory virus that causes symptoms like the common cold which include coughing, wheezing, a runny nose, and sore throat. Most cases are mild, but among children, older adults, and immunocompromised hosts, it may cause more significant infection. HMPV is quite common, and most people have contracted the virus before reaching age 5. It is transmitted very easily by droplets from the respiratory system, and most are most active in the colder months. Although most individuals recover with no further complications, there are more serious cases among the vulnerable populations with regard to respiratory conditions.
What is Human Metapneumovirus Infection[HMPV]?
It is caused by a virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, the HMPV virus, which essentially falls under the group of respiratory viruses attacking the nose, throat, and lungs. Diseases caused by it may range from simple cold to pneumonia or bronchiolitis in specific susceptible populations.
Though far less known and acknowledged than any other respiratory virus, like the flu or common cold, HMPV can cause severe health problems and complications, especially when it affects babies, aged individuals, and individuals with severe medical conditions. The virus has been known to spread through coughing and sneezing, which emit droplets that contain the germs of HMPV from an infected individual.
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Symptoms
Severe degree of symptoms may vary and symptoms are almost similar to any other respiratory infection. Most people experience mild symptoms that disappear on their own within a couple of days, but on other occasions, especially in predisposed individuals, the symptoms may become worse.
Common Symptoms
- Cough: This is the most common symptom of HMPV infection however it can be dry, or one may produce mucus.
- Runny nose or nasal congestion: Nasal symptoms include a stuffy or runny nose.
- Sore throat: A scratchy or sore throat may develop and cause pain in the throat when swallowing.
- Fever: Fever is often mild to moderate.
- Fatigue: Most people are more tired than usual during an HMPV infection.
- Headache: Mild headaches may be present with other respiratory symptoms.
While many people recover without complications, infection is more severe in certain populations such as infants, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems. In these individuals, HMPV infection may lead to more serious conditions like:
- Wheezing: A high-pitched whistling sound while breathing, caused by inflammation in the airways.
- Shortness of breath: Difficult breathing, which can be more pronounced in severe cases.
- Chest pain: Some patients will experience chest pain or tightness, especially if their pneumonia develops.
- Difficulty feeding or breathing in infants: Infants may become ailing for feeding or breathing, which you can be obliged to require immediate medical care.
If you or your loved one has the above-mentioned serious symptoms, you must go to get prompt medical care as early intervention may prevent further complications.
Causes
The most common cause of Human Metapneumovirus infection is the virus itself, which can be spread through air and direct contact with surfaces contaminated with the virus. HMPV is passed through airborne respiratory droplets from an infected person who coughs, sneezes, or even talks, and these droplets can travel through the air to land on surfaces carrying the virus there for some time.
You can catch the virus also by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching your face, especially on your eyes, nose, and mouth. Most often, the virus is spread within close contact surroundings, including:
- School
- Daycare center
- Nursing home
- Hospitals
- Public transports
It is more common in colder months, when people spend more time indoors, providing an ideal environment for the virus to spread. The infection can occur at any time of the year, but cases are more common during fall and winter.
Precautions
Given the highly contagious nature of Human Metapneumovirus, it is very important to take precautions and be careful, especially in risky environments. By being hygienic and keeping alert to potential exposure, one would avoid the risks of getting infected or transmitting to others.
The following are the most effective precautionary measures that should be observed:
- Wash your hands frequently: This is one of the most important ways to prevent the spread of any virus, including HMPV. Use soap and water and wash for at least 20 seconds, especially after coughing, sneezing, or touching surfaces that others may have touched.
- Cover your mouth and nose: Always cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing. Always dispose of tissues properly and wash your hands afterward.
- Avoid close contact with a sick person: If someone you know is suffering from symptoms of a respiratory infection, try to avoid close contact. If you feel unwell, it is best to stay home and rest until you’re fully recovered so as not to infect others.
- Disinfect frequently touched surfaces: Viruses such as HMPV, which may be formed on surfaces that are frequently touched, such as doorknobs, light switches, cell phones, and remote controls. So, clean and disinfect these frequently touched areas to minimize the risk of spreading the infection.
- Practice Good Respiratory Hygiene: Wearing masks can help control the spread of respiratory droplets in crowded, high-risk locations such as schools, hospitals, and nursing homes. Masks can be particularly beneficial in locations where people cannot ensure a safe separation from one another.
- Improve your immunity: A good diet, proper sleep, and regular exercise may improve your immunity. A strong body immune system may make it easier for your body to resist infections such as Human Metapneumovirus.
- Safeguard Vulnerable Populations: Older People, infants, and immunocompromised individuals are at greater risk for complications from HMPV. When dealing with these people, especially when you are sick, you need to be extra careful.
Human Metapneumovirus ICD 10 Code
Human Metapneumovirus infection is classified under ICD-10 code B97.89, “Other specified viruses as the cause of diseases classified elsewhere.” The ICD-10 code allows the tracking and diagnosis of the infection of HMPV and is useful for doctors to make correct documentation regarding the virus that caused the respiratory illness. A right ICD-10 code facilitates the appropriate treatment and surveillance among the patients by the health care providers.
Treatment of Human Metapneumovirus Infection
Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for Human Metapneumovirus infection. In most cases, the infection resolves on its own with supportive care. Treatment generally focuses on relieving symptoms and helping the body recover.
Common Treatments for HMPV Infection Include:
- Rest: Adequate rest is important for your body to heal and fight off the infection.
- Fluids: Staying hydrated helps soothe a sore throat, loosen mucus, and maintain overall health during the infection.
- Over-the-counter medications: One can use pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to reduce fever and alleviate pain.
- Humidifiers: A humidifier keeps the airways moist, which makes it easier to breathe and also reduces irritation in the throat.
For severe cases, especially in infants or elderly patients, medical intervention is necessary. This may involve hospitalization for oxygen therapy or other supportive measures to help with breathing problems.
Conclusion
Human Metapneumovirus is a respiratory virus that produces diverse symptoms ranging from mild, cold-like illness to severe conditions, such as pneumonia or bronchiolitis. The virus easily spreads in crowded environments due to the fast mode of transmission through respiratory droplets. Most people can recover from an HMPV infection with rest and supportive care, but this can lead to serious complications among vulnerable populations such as infants, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
Understanding the causes and symptoms of HMPV requires one to be very careful, especially through simple means such as hand washing, wearing masks, and avoiding close contact with a person who falls ill. If the patient suffers from worse symptoms, there is a need for urgent medical care to avoid complications.
Staying abreast of Human Metapneumovirus and maintaining proper hygiene can help protect you and those around you from this rather serious respiratory infection.